| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Cannabis and memory ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Cannabis and memory
Much is still unknown or inconclusive regarding the precise effects of cannabis, and specifically cannabinoids, on memory.〔Riedel, G., & Davies, S. N. (2005). Cannabinoid function in learning, memory and plasticity. ''Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 168'', 445–477.〕〔Curran, H. W., Brignell, C., Fletcher, S., Middleton, P., Henry, J. (2002). “Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.” ''Psychopharmacology'' ''164''(9). 61–70.〕 However, some consistent data in human and animal models aid in the understanding of underlying mechanisms and behavioural effects of cannabis on memory.〔
==Cannabinoid receptors==
Cannabis' constituent cannabinoids, primarily delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC or THC), are believed to impair different aspects of cognitive functioning, including memory.〔Ranganathan, M., & D’Souza, D. C. (2006). The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: A Review. ''Pharmacology 188'', 425–444.〕 An array of research into deciphering the modes of action for cannabis on the brain in memory has been conducted and collected. This research includes studies of cognition, brain imaging, and more recently cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor research.〔Iversen, L. (2003). Cannabis and the brain. ''Brain 126'', 1252–1270.〕〔Solowij, N., & Battisti, R. (2008). The chronic effects of cannabis on memory in humans: a review. ''Current Drug Abuse Reviews 1'', 81–98.〕 With the discovery of the endogenous cannabinoid receptors, some recent scientific literature has focused on the effects of phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) and endocannabinoids in understanding the mechanisms behind cannabis-related memory impairment.〔〔Lambert, D. M., & Fowler, C. J. (2005). The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications. ''Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 48''(16), 5059–5087.〕 Cannabinoids in general act fairly consistently in the endocannabinoid system, allowing for flexibility in research because a variety of cannabinoids can be used for understanding the effects of cannabis.〔
There are currently two well-known cannabinoid receptors in humans and animals: the CB1 and CB2 receptors.〔 The CB1 receptor is known for its mediating effects primarily on memory and cognitive functioning. There are as yet no CB2 receptors that are considered relevant to any cannabinoid-related cognitive effects.〔Matsuda, L. A., Lolait, S. J., Brownstein, M. J., et al. (1990). Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. ''Nature 346'', 561–564.〕〔Munro, S., Thomas, K. L., & Abu-Shaar, M. (1993). Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. ''Nature 365'', 61–65.〕 CB1 receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that are involved in retrograde signaling and are extensively distributed on presynaptic terminals in brain regions that are involved in cognition, particularly learning and memory.〔〔 These brain regions include the hippocampus, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum and the neocortex.〔〔〔Mailleux, P., Parmentier, M., & Vanderhaeghen, J. J. (1992). Distribution of cannabinoid receptor messenger RNA in the human brain: an in situ hybridization histochemistry with oligonucleotides. ''Neuroscience Letters 143'', 200–204.〕 Moreover, these CB1 receptors are activated by cannabinoids, and modulate neurotransmitter release in the brain and body.〔〔Piomelli, D. (2003). The molecular logic of endocannabinoid signalling. ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4'', 873–884.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Cannabis and memory」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|